Products of ANDRITZ Hydro in Morelia
Mechanical and electrical hydropower products
Turbines and Valves
Types of Turbines
By using a generator, hydro turbines convert the kinetic power of water into electrical energy. The kinetic energy of the water is converted into rotational energy by means of the water turbine, which causes rotation of the turbine shaft. This rotation is used to drive a generator to produce electrical energy. To achieve optimum efficiency, the turbine must be adapted to the specific demands of the hydropower plant such as different heads and flow rates.
ANDRITZ provides a wide variety of different turbine types:
Francis Turbines
The ideal choice for medium net head range and large output up to 800 MW per unit.
Francis turbines are characterized by incomparable longevity, durability, reliability, and robustness and are available in varying configurations, horizontal or vertical, with flexibility in design to ensure best efficiency and reliability of operation under the most extreme conditions.
The Francis turbine is an inward reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. It is the most common water turbine in use today, are ideally suited for energy applications with a medium head of up to 700m and an output of up to 800 MW per unit.
ANDRITZ Francis turbines are characterized by incomparable longevity, durability, reliability, and robustness.
Pelton turbines
The solution for high head applications and large output over.
ANDRITZ Pelton turbines are used for high applications of up to 1,800 m and a unit output of up to more than 800 MW.
Pelton runner is an impulse type water turbine, extracting energy from the impulse of the moving water. The water is directed with high speed through nozzles against the buckets, arranged around the circumferential rim of a drive wheel – the runner. The shaft design can be either in horizontal position in combination with one or two nozzles per runner, or in vertical position with up to six nozzles per runner.
ANDRITZ Hydro manufactures Pelton runners with the method:
- HIWELD(™): Cast or forged bucket parts are welded onto the disk.
Pelton turbine for the hydroelectric plant Necaxa in Mexico
Kaplan turbines
The solution for low head operation with small unit output.
Kaplan turbine is a propeller type water turbine that is utilized on a low head application with up to 90m and a unit output of up to more than 230 MW, with 4 to 7 adjustable blades that are moveable, allowing to adjust the water discharge and turbine output. It is an outward reaction turbine, resulting in a changed water pressure as the water moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. The runner consists of the stainless steel runner blades mounted on the runner hub and the runner cap at the lower side of the hub, enhancing the optimized hydraulic shape.
Types of Valves
Valves for hydraulic power projects are installed for safety, maintenance, and shut-off, as well as for flow and pressure regulation.
ANDRITZ HYDRO provides different valves types.
Butterfly valves (for low to medium design pressures)
Butterfly valves up to a diameter of 6,000 mm and design pressure of 64 bar are equipped with either a lens type or a lattice door (through-flow) type. They are operated by oil hydraulic systems for opening and closing, or by closing weight and hydraulic pressure for opening. This type of valve is mainly used as safety valve, turbine inlet valve, and pump valve for low to medium design pressures.
Spherical valves
Spherical valves up to a diameter of 3,300 mm and design pressure of 200 bar, has a minimum head loss due to a completely free through-flow. They are usually installed as high-pressure turbine inlet and pump valves and equipped with controlled service and maintenance sealing. Flow is possible in both directions. The control system is operated by oil-hydraulic pressure, or by the water pressure system or both.
